What are they?
STIs are caused by bacteria and viruses spread through sexual contact. Infections can be found in body fluids such as semen, on the skin of genitals and areas around them, and some also in the mouth, throat and rectum. STIs caused by organisms such as bacteria generally can be cured. STIs caused by viruses generally cannot be cured, although they can be treated to relieve symptoms.
Some STIs cause no symptoms. Others may cause discomfort or pain. If not treated, some can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and cervical cancer. Over time, HIV suppresses the immune system. Some STIs can also greatly increase the chance of becoming infected with HIV.
STIs spread in a community because an infected person has sex with an uninfected person. The more sexual partners a person has, the greater his or her risk of either becoming infected with STIs or transmitting STIs.
Who is at risk?
Many couples in stable, mutually faithful, long-term relationships face little risk of getting an STIs. Some may be at high risk, however, or have an STI already. Individuals who might benefit most from discussion of STI risk include those who do not have a steady partner, and anyone married or unmarried who asks or expresses concern about STIs or HIV, or that his or her partner may have other partners.
The risk of acquiring an STI, including HIV, depends on a person's behavior, the behavior of that person;s sexual partner or partners, and how common those diseases are in the community. By knowing what STIs and what sexual behavior are common locally, a health provider can better help a client to assess his or her own risk. Understanding their own risk of HIV or other STIs helps people decide how to protect themselves and others.
Sexual behavior that can
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